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Russian Zapovedniks and National Parks
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Zapovednik "Kaluzhskiye Zaseki"
Address: 249750 Kaluzhskaya obl., pos. Ulianovo, Bol. Sovetskaya,
75
Zapovednik Kaluzhskiye Zaseki, in Ulianovsky Region of the Kaluga Oblast was
established in 1992. Its area is 18,5 thousand ha. The Zapovednik is situated between the
rivers Rosseta and Vytebet, right tributaries of Zhizdra river, flowing into the Oka
river.
The relief comprises a hilly plain, dissected by gullies and ravines. 96% of the area
is woodland. Various types of broad-leaved and parvifoliate forests are common. Primary
oak forests, unique for Eastern Europe, have been retained. They are characterized by a
complex structure and great diversity of tree and shrub species, including English oak,
European ash, elm, small-leaved lime, apple-tree, common maple, Norway maple, warty-barked
spindle-tree etc.
The soils are diverse, including podzolic soils (typical of northern taiga), brown
forest soils (apart from their main range, situated more to the west), chernozems (similar
to more southerly chernozems of the steppes). Different soil types occurring on the same
rocks result from different land use methods practiced in ancient times.
The primary forest massifs are the remains from the forests that formed
"zasechnaya" ("zapovednaya") defense zone of the Moscow state,
protected since XVI-XVIII centuries. These massifs became a unique shelter for many rare
plant and animal species. The flora has typical forest plants as: long-rooted onion,
Corydalis marschalliànà, five-leaved toothwort, fir club-moss. There is à rare relict
species listed in the Red Data Book of Russian Federation — the perennial honesty.
The density of game birds and diurnal raptors is high.
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