Home

Physical Geography
  Tectonics and Geology
  Climatic Change
  Climate at Present and in the Past
  Soils
  Rivers, Lakes, Seas and Wetlands
  Permafrost
  Biodiversity

Biomes & Regions
  Arctic Environments
  Boreal Forests
  Mixed and Deciduous Forests
  Steppe and Forest-steppe
  Arid Environments
  The Mountains of Northern Russia
  The Mountains of Southern Siberia
  The Caucasus
  The Mountains of Central Asia
  Lake Baikal
  The Far East

Environmental Problems
  Radioactive Contamination
  Oil and Gas Development
  Air Pollution
  The Aral Sea Problems
  Deforestation and Degradation of Forests
  Nature Protection and Conservation

Images of Russian Nature
  Geographic Index
  Systematic Index
  Alphabetical Index

Nature Reserves
  Northern Russia
  Central Russia
  Povolzhye (Volga river basin)
  Southern Russia
  Ural Mountains
  Western Siberia
  Eastern Siberia
  Far East


Ôîòîãðàôèè ïðèðîäû Ðîññèè
  Ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèé êàòàëîã
  Ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêèé êàòàëîã
  Àëôàâèòíûé êàòàëîã


Nature Landscapes of the World
  Europe
  Asia
  North America
  South America
  Africa
  Australia
  Antarctic

Field Ecology Education
  Instructive Videos
  Instructive Manuals


Ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé Öåíòð Ýêîñèñòåìà íà Facebook Ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé Öåíòð Ýêîñèñòåìà ÂÊîíòàêòå

Þòóá êàíàë Ýêîñèñòåìà YouTube EcosystemaRu

Ñêà÷àòü íàøè ïðèëîæåíèÿ èç ìàãàçèíà RuStore
Ñêà÷àòü íàøè ïðèëîæåíèÿ èç ìàãàçèíà RuMarket Ñêà÷àòü ïðèëîæåíèÿ Ýêîñèñòåìû èç ìàãàçèíà NashStore
Ñêà÷àòü ïðèëîæåíèÿ Ýêîñèñòåìû èç ìàãàçèíà GetApps Xiaomi
Ñêà÷àòü ïðèëîæåíèÿ Ýêîñèñòåìû ÝêîÃèä èç ìàãàçèíà Google Play / Play Market
Ñêà÷àòü ïðèëîæåíèÿ Ýêîñèñòåìû ÝêîÃèä èç AppStore / iTunes
Âèäåî-360 ïî ýêîëîãèè íà íàøåì Youtube êàíàëå

Bird Decoys for European Birds: Songs, Calls, Sounds, Bird voices - application for Android download from Google Play / Play Market for free



Share this page with your friends:



( ) : : = = + +


Russian Nature

Home | Physical Geography | Biomes & Regions | Environmental Problems | Images of Russian Nature | Nature Reserves

Our Field Ecology Center published more than 180 methodical materials for nature studies. Some of them are in English:
Mobile educational application: Ecological Field Studies Techniques on Play.Google Mobile field guide Birds of North America: Songs and Calls Decoys on Play.Google WILD FLOWERS OF RUSSIA Field Identification Guide on Play.Google Mobile field guide Birds of Russia on Play.Google Mobile field guide Birds of Russia Songs, Calls and Voices on Play.Google Mobile field guide Birds of Europe Songs, Calls and Voices on Play.Google Mobile field guide Birds of Europe Songs, Calls and Voices on Play.Google
Mobile Educational Apps and Field Identification Guides for Russian, European and American Birds
Applications for Android and iOS are available at GooglePlay and AppStore


Please put an active hyperlink to our site (www.rusnature.info) when you copy the materials from this page

Environmental problems of Northern Eurasia

Environmental Impact of Oil and Gas Development

Oil and Gas Development: Environmental and Social Impacts

<<< Environmental Impacts of Oil and Gas Production | Environmental Problems Index | Reindeer Herding >>>

Clean-up Practices and Restoration of Ecosystems

Currently between 4 per cent and 20 per cent of ecosystems disturbed by production of hydrocarbons are restored across Russia (Federal Report, 1996). The lack of regulation of restoration and clean-up practices, contradictions in existing regulations, and aberrations in their implementation are responsible for a poor rate of rehabilitation. Following the disintegration of the Soviet Union, administrative authority over a broad range of environmental issues was decentralized and administrations at the regional level were made responsible for enforcing environmental regulations.

Originally seen as a positive development by many observers of the Russian environment, this has resulted in a weaker role for the central environmental agencies, conflicts of interest between the central environmental agencies and the regions and jurisdictional disagreements surrounding control of natural resources and environmental protection (Yablokov et al., 1996). At present, restoration practices in the north include waste removal, burning of the spilt oil or ploughing it into the ground (Tishkov, 1997a).

More often than not, however, oil-soaked litter is found in abundance around the oilfields, and the disposal methods lead to soil and ground water pollution, and forest and tundra fires. While oil companies often claim that oily water and brine extracted together with oil are reinjected into the wells, an expedition funded by the World Bank and the European Commission, which worked in the region in 1993, did not see this operation in practice (Pearce, 1993). It is obvious that elaborate measures are required, such as: (I) mechanical restoration; (II) pollution clean-up (detoxification) and improvement of soils through the input of mineral or organic (such as peat from neighbouring wetlands or silt from lakes) fertilizers; (III) biological restoration, such as planting species which dominate the undisturbed regional communities (Tishkov, 1997b). Such a restoration strategy proved successful at the experimental level and can contribute to a more sustainable way of gas and oil production in the future (Tishkov, 1997b). Remoteness of the area and harsh environmental conditions, however, imply a high cost of restoration.

<<< Environmental Impacts of Oil and Gas Production | Environmental Problems Index | Reindeer Herding >>>

Contents of the Environmental Impact of Oil and Gas Development section:

Other sections of Environmental Problems of Nortern Eurasia:

 

 


Recommend this page to your friends:


* *